Chapter One Foundation has noted a video circulating on social media in which remarks are attributed to the Zambia Army Commander, indicating that the Army has been directed to “exterminate” illegal miners, while also suggesting that force is not intended to be used. We recognise that illegal mining poses serious risks to national security, public order, the environment, and Zambia’s lawful economy. We also acknowledge public concern regarding reported cases of irregular and illegal migration, particularly where illegal mining is linked to organised criminal networks and other cross-border offences.